BY REQUEST OF THE PEOPLE OF COLOR OF THAT CI1Y 
IN COMMEMORATION OF THE COMPLETE EMANCI¬ 
PATION OF 600,000 SLAVES ON THAT DAY, 

IN THE BRITISH WEST INDIES, 


By WM. LLOYD GARRISON. 



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B O S T (f N : 

PUBLISHED BY ISAAC KNAPP, 

No. 25, Cornhill. 



1838 , 


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address. 


JEHO\AH HATH TRIUMrnED—HIS PEOTLE ARE FREE ! * 

1 ALLELUIA ! FOR THE LORD GOD OMNIPOTENT REIGNETH ! ’ 

Such is the choral song of praise thundering 
heaven ward, this day, from millions of voices 
in the islands of the sea, and on the shores of 
Great Britain, in view of the most wonderful 
transition, the most sublime achievement, and 
the noblest experiment, recorded in the worlds 
history. Of all lands, (excepting, indeed, the 
emancipated colonies,) our own republic should 
be the most joyfully affected, and present the 
most animating spectacle, from its eastern ex¬ 
tremity to its last great western barrier—from 
its chainless lakes to the topmost height of the 
Rocky Mountains ; for the trump of jubilee is 
sounding across the waters, above the roar of 
the Atlantic, giving freedom to half a million of 
slaves, and elevating them from among cattle 
and creeping things to the privileges and rights 
of an immortal existence ! And so it would, if 
it were not a republic of tyrants and slaves—if*.; 
it were not basely recreant to all its professions 
—if it recognized man as man universally. Of 
all people, (excepting, again, the mighty host 
who only last night lay entombed in the cold, 



4 


damp sepulchre of slavery, hut at the earliest 
dawn of day obtained a glorious resurrection,) 
the American people should be foremost in cele¬ 
brating the brightest triumph of humanity since 
man began to oppress his brother. And so they 
would, if they were true worshippers at the 
shrine of freedom—if their hands were not red 
with innocent blood—if they were not actually 
preying upon their own species, and trafficking 
in ‘slaves and the souls of men.’ Never were 
their inconsistency, their hypocrisy, their hard¬ 
heartedness, so apparent as on this very day. 
In the West India islands, 

i Where’er a wind is rushing, 

Where’er a stream is gushing, 

The swelling sounds are heard, 

Of man to freeman calling, 

Of broken fetters falling— 

And, like the carol of a cageless bird, 

The bursting shout of Freedom’s rallying word’— 

yet the people of the United States, (excepting 
a portion of them who are branded as fanatics 
and madmen,) not only feel no delight in view 
of these facts, but are absolutely offended at the 
experiment; nay, they hope it will prove an 
utter failure ! And why ? Simply because the 
victims, who have been released from thraldom, 
wear a skin ‘not colored like their own; ’ and 
because they dread to be left without excuse for 
their oppressive conduct. Oh, if this day had 
been set apart for the restoration of the Poles to 
their civil and political rights, so cruelly wrest¬ 
ed from them by the strong arm of Bussia, this 
country would now be rocking ‘ from side to 
side’ with excitement! Bells would be ringing, 
cannon thundering, processions marching in 
showy array, orators declaiming about the in¬ 
alienable rights of man, and the people proffer¬ 
ing congratulations upon so happy an event. 


5 


"Why, even so small an affair as the ‘ three days 
in Paris,’ when the populace rose in revolution¬ 
ary'' conflict against the despotism of Charles X., 
excited a strong sensation throughout this coun- 
try, and was no where celebrated with so much 
pomp and circumstance as in the southern 
States! But the peaceful emancipation of 
500,000 descendants of Africa, not merely from 
civil disabilities, but from the most horrible ser¬ 
vitude ever borne by r any people,—from the 
personal ownership of the most brutal tyrants 
known in the annals of time,—from all that is 
beastly in rank and treatment, and all that is 
terrible in irresponsible power,—this is an event 
in which free, republican, Christian Americans 
feel no joy r , and evince no interest! In honor 
of it, they will not fire a single gun, nor hoist a 
single flag, nor ring a single bell. They leave 
it to the subjects of a monarchical government, 
to ‘ agitators,’ ‘ incendiaries’ and ‘madmen,’ to 
‘ free negroes,’ to exult over it! Oh, I blush 
for my country, to think that an occurrence 
which is filling all heaven with gladness, ex¬ 
cites not a throb in her obdurate heart! But 
how can she participate in the general festivity, 
while she is actively engaged in forging chains 
for the limbs of millions of her own children ? 
The loudest in her boasts of liberty, she is the 
vilest of hypocrites and the worst of oppressors. 
Let her be clothed in sackcloth and ashes—let 
her brow and her lip be prostrated in the dust, 
for shame and confusion of face—and let her 
be the scorn of the earth, until she ceases to 
plunder the poor and defenceless, and to turn 
away the stranger from his right. Thanks be 
to God, there are at least seven thousand,—ay r , 
seventy times seven thousand of her sons and 
daughters, who refuse to bow down to the Baal 
of slavery', set up in her midst. It is for them 


6 


to rejoice, therefore, on an occasion like this, 
and they do rejoice with joy unspeakable. In 
various parts of our widely extended territory, 
they are solemnizing this great jubilee with 
thanksgiving and praise to Him, who, by his 
mighty hand, apd outstretched arm, has wrought 
so great a deliverance. ‘ Sing ye to the Lord, 
for he hath triumphed gloriously! ’ 

The event we are assembled to commemorate, 
cannot be overrated in importance, nor ade¬ 
quately described in any human dialect. Its 
altitude exceeds the highest flight of imagina¬ 
tion ; its circumference cannot be measured by 
human calculation ; its ramifications extend 
through time into eternity. * It has terminated 
such an amount of human suffering—effaced 
such frightful stains of blood—healed up so 
many wounds—rolled back such a tide of licen¬ 
tiousness—opened so many fountains of happi¬ 
ness—poured such a flood of light upon the 
darkness of ages—rescued so many victims 
from destruction—brought such glory to God— 
and removed such mountainous obstacles out of 
the path of the gospel of Christ—that neither 
men nor angels can compute the aggregate of 
blessings bestowed, or of horrors dispersed, by 
the extinction of West India slavery.. It makes 
set phrases of speech, and formal attempts at 
description, seem almost contemptible. Words 
are for the common transactions of life—but not 
for an occasion like this. I tremble to proceed. 
The subject should have been committed to 
some master-mind, capable of doing something 
like justice to it. But what am I, in my pover¬ 
ty of speech, and my tediousness of manner, 
and my feebleness of mind, that I should adven¬ 
ture to grapple with it, or ‘ soar to the height of 
this great argument? ’ 


1 For I have neither wit, nor worth, nor words, 

Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech, 

To stir men’s blood.’ 

I speak, because the loftiest intellects in the 
land are dumb. A question of dollars and cents 
—respecting a modification of the Tariff Bill, 
or the regulation of the currency—can induce a 
Webster loudly to declaim in Faneuil Hail; 
but the transformation of hundreds of thousands 
of slaves into freemen, is too trifling an affair to 
extort an approving sentence from his lips!— 
And the same thing is true of other giant minds. 
Politic men ! Not that they love freedom less, 
but that they love popularity—‘ that weed of the 
dunghill’—more ! Verily, they shall have their 
reward. Let them refuse to hail this glorious 
jubilee, if they will. Their conduct demon¬ 
strates, that they have shrivelled souls, what¬ 
ever may be the size of their intellects. Liber¬ 
ty, like her great author, God, is no respecter 
of persons; she chooses the foolish things of the 
world to confound the wise, and weak things of 
the world to confound the things which are 
mighty. If the rulers in Church and State are 
not prepared to celebrate the most important 
victory she has ever obtained over oppression, 
it is because they are recreant to her cause. 
4 Honor to whom honor is due.’ 

Before I proceed any further, let me call the 
attention of this assembly to a remarkable ex¬ 
emplification of the insincerity and effrontery of 
the anti-abolition party in this country, as man¬ 
ifested this day. What have they not done, 
for the last five years, to cast odium upon our 
principles and measures? Have they not ridi¬ 
culed, without mercy, our demand for the imme¬ 
diate abolition of slavery, as wild, chimerical, 
monstrous ? Has not the idea of ‘ turning loose’ 
so many unlettered, pennyless, homeless crea- 


8 


lures, seemingly filled them with horror? Have 
they not a thousand times declared, that a sud¬ 
den emancipation would fill the land with blood, 
and be the signal for a war of extermination ? 
Have they not attempted to show, that slavery 
is a divine institution, which has been approved 
by God, from patriarch Abraham to patriarch 
McDuffie—and is therefore perfectly consistent 
with Christianity ? Have they not claimed to 
be the only true philanthropists—the best friends 
of the slaves—the most tender-hearted among 
mankind ? Have they not represented the slaves 
as incapable of taking care of themselves, and 
vehemently affirmed that their simultaneous lib¬ 
eration would bring forth another St. Domingo 
tragedy? Most certainly, all this they have 
said and done—and a great deal more, equally 
creditable to their common sense, benevolence 
and piety ! Now, how do I prove them to be 
inconsistent, if not hypocritical—reckless of 
consequences, if not hard-hearted—lukewarm 
friends of humanity, if not her treacherous foes ? 
I will show you. It is known throughout the 
country, that an abolition experiment is to be 
made this day, in the British West Indies, on a 
scale such as the wmrld has never witnessed. All 
the slaves, belonging to the following islands, 
rose up this morning without a chain upon their 
limbs,—free men, free women, free children,— 
without an owner to oppress them, without a 
driver to order them into the field, without any 
other restraints upon them than those which 
bind all the subjects of Great Britain, whether 
at home or abroad ! The cart-whip, the thumb¬ 
screw, the yoke, the fetter—all the infernal de¬ 
vices of slavery to extort unpaid labor and ser¬ 
vile obedience—have disappeared as by en¬ 
chantment ! 


9 


Tortola emancipates 5,400; Montserrat, 6,- 
200; Nevis, 6,600; Dominica, 15,400; St. Vin¬ 
cent, 23,500; Barbadoes, 82,000; Jamaica, 
323,000 ; making a grand total of 462,100 ! 

Now, I ask, if the apprehensions expressed 
by our opponents are not feigned ; if they are 
sincere in their opinions; if they really credit 
their own assertions; if they are not actuated 
by selfishness ; if they truly love their neighbors 
as themselves ; if their humanity is not restrict¬ 
ed by geographical boundaries;—if, in fine, 
they believe that to ‘ turn loose,’ in the twink¬ 
ling of an eye, large masses of imbruted slaves, 
will subject the planters to imminent peril, if not 
to certain destruction—why, in the names of 
consistency and humanity, are they so imper¬ 
turbable, so entirely indifferent, so absolutely 
unconscious, as it were, in full view of what is 
now transpiring in the West Indies? How 
shall we account for their conduct, except at the 
expense of their understandings or their hearts? 
Why has not a national fast been ordered ? 
Why do they not toll the bells, and sing funeral 
dirges? This they do, if but the President of 
the United States dies a natural death! And, 
lovers of mankind as they are,—can they do 
less when thousands of planters are given up to 
indiscriminate butchery, with their wives and 
children, by ‘turning loose’ upon them a troop 
of infuriated slaves ? At least, can they not re¬ 
frain from their usual merriment, or wear upon 
their countenances a semblance of concern, or 
affect to be horror-stricken ? Do they not know 
that the abolitionists are looking them full in 
the face, and taking notes of their behavior, for 
the very purpose of recording it in print ? Have 
they ‘ remembered to forget’ that this is the first 
of August? Verily, it would seem so—or else 


10 


that they have been playing the part of hypo¬ 
crites, for a long time past, for a very bad pur¬ 
pose, and with very bad success? How is it 
with the newspaper press? Are there no edi¬ 
torial wailings, no lachrymal forebodings, no 
communicated ebullitions of grief and horror? 
Why are not the Journal of Commerce, the 
Evening Star, the New York Gazette, the Com¬ 
mercial Advertiser, the Courier and Enquirer, 
the New York Observer, the Christian Advo¬ 
cate and Journal, dressed in deep mourning? 
Or have they already imprinted upon their 
pages, too many black marks , in testimony of 
their regard and sympathy for the robbers of 
God’s poor, to render their multiplication neces¬ 
sary? BLACK MARKS indeed, which no 
chemical liquid shall be able to efface, nor any 
element destroy. If these shrewd, far-sighted, 
infallible editors shall tell us, as a reason for 
their present composure, that they mean to wait 
until they learn how the experiment works in 
Jamaica, before they commit themselves by 
shedding too many tears, and uttering too many 
groans, why then let us acknowledge that they 
have method in their madness; but while we 
commend their discretion,let us inquire after their 
consistency. Though they have been prophe¬ 
sying ‘ evil, and only evil, and that continually,’ 
of any and every scheme of immediate emanci¬ 
pation,—though they have advanced it as a 
self-evident proposition, that bloodshed and ruin 
must be the inevitable consequence of letting 
all the oppressed go free at once,—it seems, af¬ 
ter all, that they know nothing about the mat¬ 
ter ! What was beyond all doubt with them, 
a short time since, is now full of uncertainty— 
they wait for intelligence ! It is possible that 
the thorn of emancipation will produce some 
very fine grapes—that the thistle of liberty will 


11 


grow some very nice figs—that a bad tree will 
bring forth some very choice fruits! They 
wish to do nothing rashly, for they are civilized 
and Christian men, and as unlike the wild and 
headlong abolitionists as lynch-law is worse 
than common law ! For once, they are puzzled 
—their vision is dim—they falter in their steps 
—they really cannot tell how many throats will 
be cut, or whether any mischief will be done 
this day, in the emancipated colonies. Every 
thing with them is in suspense—problematical 
—betwixt daylight and dark! They can hard¬ 
ly discern ‘men as trees walking’! Yet these 
are the keen scrutators, the severe admonishers, 
the discerning moralists, the profound logicians, 
the wise philosophers, the infallible prophets, 
the quick-sighted seers who perceive the end 
from the beginning, ‘ looking before and after’— 
these, I say, who are now stumbling, doubting, 
waiting, in relation to a result they have all 
along asserted to be inevitable, are the very men 
who have held up the abolitionists to public 
scorn as fools or madmen, blind as to ‘conse¬ 
quences,’ ignorant of the relation of cause and 
effect, and incapable of understanding that bad 
principles and bad measures, if successful, (or, 
in other words, the sudden overthrow of the 
slave-system,) must inevitably lead to violence 
and bloodshed ! 0, most surely, they are the 

people, and wisdom will die with them ! But 
the sooner such wisdom perishes from the earth, 
the better for mankind. So ends the serio-com- 
ico farce enacted three-hundred and sixty-five 
times a year, (Sundays not excepted,) for the 
last five years, by our unfortunate opponents. 
In what a pitiable plight do they stand ! For, 
in one hour, all their ingenious sophistry, subtle 
Jesuitism, metaphysical hair-splitting,—their con¬ 
fident predictions, their false accusations, their 


12 


✓ 


legal postulates, and their biblical perversions, 
—together with the blood-red scourges and gal- 
ing fetters of that detestable system* which they 
impiously labored to upheld,—have been broken 
in pieces by the sledge-hammer of Freedom, 
and consumed in the lire of immediate eman¬ 
cipation ! 

Now, look at the abolitionists, and observe 
with what exultation they greet this most event¬ 
ful era! Where are they, but where they 
should be—crowding the public halls and tem¬ 
ples of worship, to return thanks to Almighty 
God for the wonderful salvation he has effected 
for a people ‘peeled, meted out, and trodden 
under foot’! There is no fear in their hearts, 
no doubt in their eyes; for, in their reverence 
for the immutable principles of justice, they 
looked well to CONSEQUENCES. For a 
series of years, they have been proclaiming in 
the ears of oppressors, in season and out of sea¬ 
son, the duty of instantly releasing all their 
slaves from bondage. They have marshalled 
together all the facts of history—the experience 
of all ages—the testimonies of the wise and 
good in all nations—proofs without number, 
and ‘ strong as holy writ ’—to demonstrate the 
impolicy, danger and wickedness of exercising 
oppression over the needy and defenceless. 
On the score of personal safety, of self-interest, 
they have strenuously urged the planters to 
give up their impious claim of property in hu¬ 
man flesh. They have indignantly scouted 
the notion, as opposed to reason and revelation, 
as equally unphilosophical and unscriptural, 
that it is perilous to entrust men with their in¬ 
alienable rights. They have challenged their 
opponents, in vain, to produce a single instance, 


* So far as West India slaver)' - is concerned. 



13 


in any quarter of the globe, from ancient or 
modern history, in which disastrous conse¬ 
quences have followed the removal of heavy 
burdens from the backs, and galling yokes 
from the necks of the oppressed, however fee¬ 
ble in intellect, or darkened in mind, or unpre¬ 
pared to enter upon 4 liberty and the pursuit of 
happiness.’ 4 Give freedom to all whom you 
are unjustly retaining in bondage,’ they have 
said to the masters, 4 and, as true as the Lord 
liveth, there shall no evil befal you. Not a 
hair of your heads shall be injured, not a drop 
of your blood shall be shed, not a fragment of 
your property shall be destroyed. Instead of 
darkness, you shall have light; instead of trib¬ 
ulation, joy; instead of adversity, prosperity. 
For barrenness, you shall have fertility; for 
wasteful, indolent and revengeful serfs, provi¬ 
dent, industrious and grateful laborers ; for lia¬ 
bility to servile insurrections, perfect exemption 
from danger. The execrations of your victims 
shall be turned into blessings; their wailings, 
into shouts of joy ; the judgments of God, into 
mercies. Your peace shall flow like a river, 
for there shall be none to molest or make afraid. 
For the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.’ 

Well,—God be praised !—the planters of Ja¬ 
maica have this day resolved, with perfect 
unanimity, to try the experiment. Are the 
abolitionists troubled, that they have been taken 
at their word ? Have they not some forebodings, 
that all will not turn out so well as they have 
predicted? None at all. They know whereof 
they affirm, and accurately perceive all the 
consequences of the emancipation act. They 
ha ve taken a bond, not of fate, but of Him who 
cannot lie, and thus have made ‘ assurance 
doubly sure.’ Hence it is, that, unlike those 
who have deprecated the measure as suicidal 


14 


on the part of the planters, they do not feel 
constrained to wait until they get intelligence 
from the West Indies, before they can pass 
judgment upon it. Hence it is, in various parts 
of the United States, throughout old England, 
among the highlands of Scotland, and in the 
Emerald Isle, they are now swelling the grand 
chorus of liberty,— 

‘ From every giant hill, companion of the cloud, 

The startled echo leaps to give it back aloud! } 

Now let ‘ the base of heaven’s deep organ blow,’ 
and all that is harmonious in heaven or on earth 
take up the thrilling strain,—‘ Glory to God in 
the highest! ’ 

Our cautious opponents will perhaps admon¬ 
ish us not to be premature in our exultation. 
Perhaps they will sagely remind us, in the form 
of a homely adage, that it is not best to halloo 
until we get out of the woods. Sanguine as 
we are of good results, we may be wofully 
mistaken; and therefore we shall be on the 
safe side, to follow their prudent example— wait 
for intelligence ! Now, these admonitory 
suggestions prove the blindness, ignorance and 
skepticism of those who aspire to be our teach¬ 
ers and guides. If they would disburden their 
minds of prejudice, and calmly listen to the 
voice of reason, and believe what God has 
spoken, they would feel assured that tranquilli¬ 
ty, order and happiness are reigning throughout 
the emancipated colonies. The difference be¬ 
tween them and ourselves, in this matter, is, 
that we walk by faith, they by sight. We be¬ 
lieve —therefore we rejoice ! They cannot yet 
see —hence their reluctance to change their po¬ 
sition ! Now, was there ever a people so low 
or brutal as not to rejoice in being set free from 
bondage? Is it not morally impossible, that 


15 


the same act which fills them with gratitude 
and joy, should inflame them with revenge ? 
If they will patiently suffer themselves to be 

‘Yoked to the beasts, and driven to their toil,’— 

if they will not lift up a finger in self-defence, 
when they are horribly scourged, branded with 
hot irons, defrauded of their earnings, sundered 
in traffic like cattle, and subjected to the most 
dreadful torments,—is it to be supposed, for the 
twentieth part of a moment, that, when they 
are released from such a condition, and raised 
to the level of our common humanity,—by the 
consent, too, of their masters,—they will engage 
in butchery, ‘cry havoc, and let slip the dogs of 
war,’ and make human blood flow like water ? 
Nay, can it be rationally apprehended, that they 
will resort even to very slight acts of violence ? 
On the contrary, is it not to be taken for grant¬ 
ed, AS A MATTER OF COURSE, that they 
will manifest the liveliest gratitude, be docile as 
lambs, perform their paid labor with alacrity, 
and make each field and hill vocal with melody ? 
* Instinct is a great matter’—what says instinct, 
in reply to these interrogations? What says 
common sense? What says history? What 
says holy writ? Are we, then, presumptuous 
in observing this day as a joyful festival ? Run 
we any hazard of being premature in uttering 
our acclamations ? Is it not our opponents, 
who occupy a ridiculous and painful attitude ? 
O, they are anxiously waiting for intelligence! 
Why, what has been done in the West Indies, 
thus to fill them with perplexity,—thus to shake 
their theory of right and wrong,—thus to make 
it impossible for them to predict, whether joy 
or sorrow, order or anarchy, gratitude or re¬ 
venge, a reign of peace or a hurricane of fire 
and blood, is to be the consequence ? In the 


16 


first place, all the laborers in the seven islands 
which have been already specified,—comprising 
nine-tenths of the whole effective population,— 
are henceforth to receive wages for their work, 
instead of getting no compensation, as hereto¬ 
fore. They are no longer to be subjected to 
drivers, or coerced with the cart-whip, or driven 
into the field. No man may stiike or oppress 
them. Their labor is to be voluntary—they 
may work as many or as few hours as they 
please—they are free to make their own con¬ 
tracts, to choose their own employers, to acquire 
and possess as much as industry and economy 
will enable them. Slave mothers are no more 
to be compelled to toil from dawn of day to the 
approach of night, in the open field, beneath a 
burning sun, dragging their infants with them. 
They may now give heed to the cries of nature, 
and administer to the wants of their helpless 
offspring, without being lacerated for their 
motherly tenderness. In short, honesty is to 
take the place of robbery, voluntary action that 
of brute violence, recompense is to go hand in 
hand with toil, wages are to be substituted for 
the whip. Under the slave-driving system in 
the Colonies, it appears, by returns made to the 
British Parliament, that not only was the natu¬ 
ral increase of the slave population cut off, but, 
in the short space of eleven years, there had 
been a decrease to the frightful amount of fif¬ 
ty-two THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND EIGHTY- 
SEVEN, or about five thousand annually! Now 
this wholesale butchery is to cease—the labor¬ 
ers cannot be worked to death with impunity. 
We turn to our opponents, and ask, whether 
this single item is not something gained to the 
cause of humanity—something that warrants, 
unattended by other favorable circumstances, a 
jubilee like the present? ‘Well, they don’t 


17 


know—honesty may prove to be the best policy 
—fair dealing and humanity are very good 
things, if they only turn out well in the end ! ’ 
They shake their heads doubtingly—they fear 
the experiment will prove ruinous to both the 
employers and employed—at all events, they 
wait for intelligence! Let us try again. 

In the second place, the claim of property, 
whether absolutely or conditionally, in the bod¬ 
ies and souls of half a million of our race, ex¬ 
pired by limitation at twelve o’clock last night, 
and can never be renewed. There are to be 
no more slave auctions—no more sunderings 
of fathers and mothers, husbands and wives, 
parents and children, lovers and friends, by the 
slave speculator. A legalized system of adul¬ 
tery, incest and concubinage is ended, and upon 
its ruins is established the marriage institution, 
sacred to virtue and love ! The broken links 
of parental, filial and conjugal ties are reunited 
in a golden chain. 0, it is dreadful to con¬ 
template the reeking licentiousness, the abound¬ 
ing impurity, the Sodom-like beastiality, gen¬ 
erated by that foul system which abrogated 
marriage, removed all virtuous restraints, and 
offered premiums on pollution! Blessed be 
God, it is over the downfall of that system we 
are met to rejoice. Its lava-tide of desolation 
is stayed, dried up, forever! Now, we turn 
once more to our opponents, and demand, 
whether this is not a signal gain to the cause 
of morality—a triumph of purity over the filthi¬ 
ness of the flesh, in which all the virtuous in 
heaven and on earth may participate, never 
doubting as to the ‘consequences,’either in time 
or in eternity? ‘Well—they are not prepared 
to answer! They hope for the best, but fear 
the worst!’ ‘All’s well that ends well!’ They 
‘ wait for intelligenceV 
2 


18 


In the last place, (for it is needless, almost 
endless to recapitulate the benefits of this great 
measure,) the most formidable obstacle to the 
progress of Christianity,—greater than any 
which the Man of Sin, or the False Prophet, or 
Pagan Juggernaut, has been able to cast in her 
path,—is taken out of the way, so far as relates 
to the West Indies ; and the gospel of Christ, 
not in isolated texts or perverted expositions, 
but in its completeness, can now be preached 
with all boldness, where but a short time since 
the missionaries of the Cross were cast into 
prison, or compelled to flee for their lives, and 
their chapels burnt to the ground. The stat¬ 
utes are repealed, which made it a crime worthy 
of stripes, imprisonment, or death, to give light 
to the blind, knowledge to the ignorant, succor 
to the perishing; which prohibited instruction 
in letters, the establishment even of primary 
schools, the circulation of the scriptures, and all 
measures for intellectual cultivation and moral 
improvement; which estimated the soul of a 
slave as the life of a beast, denied the immortal¬ 
ity of our race, claimed to be of higher obliga¬ 
tion than the commandments of God, and au¬ 
thorized all manner of inflictions upon our com¬ 
mon nature. Ample protection is now given 
against violence and wrong; all restrictions 
against the liberty of the press, of speech, and 
of locomotion, are taken off; those who, yester¬ 
day, had no will or power of their own, may to¬ 
day go where they please, give free utterance 
to their thoughts, consult their own wishes ; all 
the avenues to human elevation and infinite pro¬ 
gression are thrown wide open ; thebible may be 
read and circulated without let or hindrance; 
mind, intellect and heart are all permitted to de- 
velope themselves in the sunlight of liberty. 
Again, therefore, we turn to our opponents, and 


19 


ask whether here is not an incalculable gain to 
to the cause of justice, virtue and religion ? Can 
the ‘consequences’ of this change of administra¬ 
tion be otherwise than good and glorious ? May 
not the followers of Progress, the friends of 
Philanthropy, the disciples of Christianity, re¬ 
joice over it with all certainty as to its benefi¬ 
cent effects, even though not a day has passed 
since the experiment was put into operation ? 
‘ O, they are not inclined to answer—they are 
really puzzled to know whether more harm than 
good will not result from it—by the first of Sep¬ 
tember, they hope to be able to form an opinion 
—they wait for intelligence !* True, the slave 
system has been cast into the bottomless pit— 
but then, they are peisuaded a state of freedom 
is pregnant with far greater evils! True, the 
slaves can no longer be bought, sold, mortgaged, 
branded, cropped, manacled, lacerated, murdered 
with impunity—but then for this merciful ex¬ 
emption from suffering, it is to apprehended 
that they will cut their masters’ throats? True, 
learning may now be encouraged, schools estab¬ 
lished, the gospel enforced, extraordinary privi¬ 
leges enjoyed—but then, as a consequence of 
this state of things, plantations may be ravaged, 
the dwellings of the planters fired, and the aw¬ 
ful scenes of St. Domingo witnessed! ! O, well 
may Bedlam laugh at such stolidity, and shud¬ 
der at such insensibility? What shall we think 
of such men? or what shall we say of them? It 
cannot be that they are in their right minds— 
or, if they are, that they are sincere in what 
they affirm. Ignorant they cannot be, for they 
make high pretensions to wisdom and know¬ 
ledge. Talents they certainly possess ; but, tal¬ 
ents, though angel bright,’ may be turned into 
foolishness by perversion. It is impossible to 
believe them to be honest, unless at the expense 


20 


of their understandings. They deny self-evi¬ 
dent propositions. They proclaim that all men 
are created free and equal, and endowed with 
inalienable rights, and then mob us for enforc¬ 
ing their own doctrine ? They contend for the 
liberty of speech, and then subject us to lynch 
law for exercising that liberty ! They expa¬ 
tiate upon the blessings of freedom, and then 
burn down our dwellings for proposing to ex¬ 
tend those blessings to millions of our country¬ 
men who are kept in the house of bondage ! But 
enigmatical as their conduct may at first appear, 
it finds an easy solution. They despise, loathe, 
repudiate the colored man as a man —though 
they value him, cling to him, extol him, run af¬ 
ter him from the borders of Texas to our north¬ 
eastern boundary, as a slave. They hate the 
colored race, cordially, unceasingly, implacably 
—not all of them so much as to desire their per¬ 
petual enslavement, but hate them to an extent 
which requires their banishment from the soil. 
They wish them out of sight—out of the land— 
out of the world, except they will go to Liberia, 
and then they will be pretty sure to be out of it 
in a very short time. The fire of their preju¬ 
dice is unquenchable—all the waters of the At¬ 
lantic cannot extinguish it. They declare it to 
be an offence against good manners, good mor¬ 
als, Christian decorum, and republican equality, 
to treat men irrespective of their complexion— 
nay, subversive of the American Union, and 
destructive of the peace of Zion ! They main¬ 
tain that it is ‘ an ordination of heaven,’ as un¬ 
alterable as the laws of nature, that there should 
be no intercourse between the white and color¬ 
ed races, except as masters and slaves: hence, 
emancipation and expulsion must be insepara¬ 
ble. The conformation of the black man is to 
them a source of merriment. They sometimes 


21 


affect to doubt whether he belongs to the genus 
homo— whether he is, in fact, a member of the 
human family. If they have enslaved him, the 
color of his skin is invaluable to identify him, in 
case (as will most probably be the case,) he shall 
take to himself legs, and run away. If he is 
free in their midst, his complexion is a nuisance, 
They send a man to the hospital, if he has the 
small-pox or cholera ; but, if he has a sable com¬ 
plexion, he must go to Liberia! And very poor 
medical attendance will he receive when he gets 
there, though he will need it greatly. The 
cholera may be cured—but a sable skin admits 
of no remedy ! Besides all this—a very large 
portion of our opponents are slaveholders—and 
it would be very strange if they were not found 
in array against us; for, whoever sides with 
them in this great controversy, takes part against 
their victims—that is, against justice and human¬ 
ity. They may, indeed, as we trust they will, 
come over to us, in imitation of the cheering 
example which has been set them in the West 
Indies, but we can never go over to them. Now, 
subtract from the ranks of the anti-abolitition 
party, all who own slaves, or have mortgages 
upon slave property, or who are in any way in¬ 
terested in the system—all their relations and 
acquaintances who sympathize with them—all 
who cherish the brutal spirit of caste towards 

the victims of American barbarity—all who love 

•/ 

their denominational or political party more than 
mankind—all who are seeking the loaves and 
fishes of office in Church or State—and all who 
are licentious, profane, jacobinical in their spir¬ 
it—how many unprejudiced, tender-hearted, no¬ 
ble-spirited souls would be left? Be they few 
or many, they are fast coming over to the side 
of bleeding humanity. But, controlled by such 
influences, passions and interests, is it to be won- 


dered at that our opponents, whenever they dis¬ 
course upon the subject of slavery, and the 
rights of the colored race, talk like men in a 
state of lunacy—deny their own faith—insist 
that two and two make nine, and that twice nine 
make forty-five—grow angry, spiteful, turbulent 
■—conjure up raw-head and bloody bones, dire 
chimeras, and black ghosts—run away from the 
light of free discussion as sheep-devouring 
wolves troop back to their murky dens at the 
dawn of day—substitute rotten eggs for argu¬ 
ments, brickbats for syllogisms, and tar-and- 
feathers for victorious appeals—burn down build¬ 
ings dedicated to ‘VIRTUE, LIBERTY, IN¬ 
DEPENDENCE,’ resort to bowie knives and 
pistols as their weapons of defence, and imbrue 
their hands in the blood of innocency ? Why, 
these things should excite no marvel—they are 
the natural ‘ consequences’ of such principles. 
The measures are adapted to the principles, and 
the principles to the measures. Can a corrupt 
tree bring forth good fruit? Can that which is 
evilly disposed, which is proscriptive, oppressive, 
cruel, delight in peace on earth and good will 
toward all men ? 

I have said that abolitionists lelieve y therefore 
they now rejoice ; that their opponents walk by 
sight , and very short-sighted they are withal. 
They wait for intelligence! It will come by 
and by—come to their confusion, let me tell 
them ! Nay—deride the fact as they may—it 
has come already ! Though the sun of this time- 
consecrated day has not yet disappeared lrom 
the heavens—though it is not twenty-four hours 
since the event we are commemorating took 
place in a distant island—yet tidings of the re¬ 
sult have' been received in this city, from high 
authority, which I am permitted to announce in 
the ears of the people. They were brought by 


23 


no human express, and are authenticated by no 
fictitious sign manual. The messenger is the 
Spirit of Truth, sent down from heaven, his 
documents having the seal and signet of the 
Lord Almighty ! What was done last night in 
Jamaica ? At 12 o'clock, precisely, all the bands 
of wickedness were loosed, the heavy burdens 
undone, the oppressed set free, and every yoke 
broken—according to the command of God ! 
What has followed in Jamaica ? Its light broke 
forth as the morning , and its health shall spring 
forth spredily ! Its darkness is as the noonday! 
It shall be satisfied in drought, and its bones 
made fat—yea, it shall be like a watered gar¬ 
den, and like a spring of water whose waters 
fail not. And they that shall be of it shall build 
the old waste places : it shall raise up the 
foundations of many generations; and it shall 
be called, The repairer of the breach, The re¬ 
storer of paths to dwell in ! ‘ For the mouth 

of the Lord hath spoken it.’* Who discredits 
this intelligence ? Who doubts whether the 
facts are just as they are represented? None 
who take God at his word—none who implicit¬ 
ly believe that he is faithful, and cannot lie— 
none but those who are practically infidels! If 
it be a dream, still, ‘ the dream is certain , and 

THE INTERPRETATION THEREOF SURE ! ’ 

But this will not satisfy our opponents; for, 
as they regard not the colored man, so neither 
in this matter do they fear God. They want 
better testimony—the reports of pro-slavery jour¬ 
nals and colonization repositories, some four or 
six weeks hence, respecting the workings of the 
free labor system: then, peradventure, they will 
believe, even if it confirms what God foretold 
would certainly come to pass ! They leave fa- 


* Isaiah Chap, lviii. 



24 


natics and mad-men to cant about walking by 
faith : as for themselves, they will take nothing 
upon trust. They will believe their own eyes. 
They will see what the Journal of Commerce, 
or the Courier and Enquirer, or the Commer¬ 
cial Advertiser, or the New York Observer, or 
the Washington Globe, and othei kindred prints 
say of this affair, and make up their minds ac¬ 
cordingly. ‘ A bird in the hand is worth two 
in the bush,’ say they. 

Very well—I will not stop to pick a feather 
from the wing 1 of that full-fledged adage. Let 
them have their own way in the argument, for 
whichever path they choose, their escape is im¬ 
possible. They will hear nothing, it seems, 
about ‘ faith,’ ‘ promises,’ ‘ light,’ ‘darkness,’ ‘ re¬ 
pairs,’ ‘ ruins,’ or any such cabalistical nonsense. 
They are your practical, cautious, shrewd, cal¬ 
culating men. They know what they know, 
and believe what they believe—among other 
things, that to steal a sixpence out of their own 
pockets is a crime deserving the frown of heav¬ 
en, and condign punishment by the magistrate, 
but that to kidnap a whole plantation of negroes 
is no crime at all, but a patriarchal exploit, 
which heaven smilingly approves ! But I press 
to the point. Between them and us, for a long 
time past, there has been a warm controversy as 
to the ‘ consequences,’ that would follow the im¬ 
mediate emancipation of large bodies of slaves, 
without education, ignorant even of its lowest 
rudiments. We have maintained, that such an 
act, if voluntarily performed by the masters, or 
effected in any peaceful manner, would be safe, 
bloodless, profitable, and mutually advantageous 
to all parties. They have asserted, that it would 
involve both masters and slaves in one common 
ruin—that the soil would be left uncultivated,the 
plantations devastated, and butchery be the order 


25 


of the day—that, in short, it would be, * chaos 
come again,’ with thick-brooding darkness, and. 
thronging horrors !—Now for a practical trial of 
our conflicting theories. Our opponents very 
well know, that, four years ago, just such an ex¬ 
periment was made, on a large scale, under dis¬ 
advantageous circumstances, where there were 
15 blacks to 1 white—a most unequal dispro¬ 
portion, surely ! In one hour, not less than 30,- 
000 slaves were transformed into freemen ! Now 
let them tell us, whether one of their frightful 
anticipations has been realized—whether all our 
happy predictions have not been fulfilled to the 
letter. One—two — three — four years have 
elapsed since that adventurous step was taken, 
though the planters might have retained their 
authority for the term of six years longer. 
Well, during all that time, has a single throat 
been cut, or a drop of blood spilt, or lynch law 
administered in a single case, or an embryo con¬ 
spiracy detected, or the ghost of a rebellion seen? 
No. Has the property of the planters been in¬ 
jured to the amount of a farthing? No. Has 
any plantation been left uncultivated ? Have 
the emancipated slaves refused to work? Have 
they shown the slightest disposition to be idle, 
turbulent, or intractible ? No. On the contra¬ 
ry, has not the measure been attended with the 
happiest consequences, in detail and in the ag¬ 
gregate ! Yes. Are not the employers (now 
masters no longer,) enjoying unwonted security, 
an enviable peace of mind, and a splendid rec¬ 
ompense of reward for well-doing? Yes. Are 
not the employed, (now unpaid laborers 
no longer,) industrious, economical, orderly, 
docile almost to a fault, filled with grateful emo¬ 
tions, aspiring after intellectual and moral cul¬ 
tivation, and rejoicing continually over the boon 
of liberty? Yes—these facts are notorious. 


26 


How do our opponents get over them ? They 
can neither get over, or under, or around them, 
nor escape their flaming omnipresence by flight. 
How is it that cause and effect have ceased re¬ 
lationship—that the best possible result has ac¬ 
companied the worst possible act—that a fire¬ 
brand, throw: into a powder magazine, creates 
no explosion—that water runs up hill, and a 
thousand other miracles are witnessed—that the 
planters are not torn limb from limb, and all 
their property annihilated ;—how is it, I repeat, 
that ou r opponents have witnessed the laws of 
nature reversed, (if we may believe them,)their 
own ingenious theories turned topsy-turvy, and 
every prediction of the ‘ fanatical abolitionists ’ 
literally fulfilled, and they have made no con¬ 
fession of error, uttered no exclamation of sur¬ 
prise, attempted no explanation of these remark¬ 
able phenomena ? How is it, that they are so 
stoical, so phlegmatic, so dumb! I have con¬ 
ceded too much to their humanity. I have said 
that they are waiting for intelligence from Ja¬ 
maica, in regard to the transactions of this day 
in that island, before they hail the emancipation 
act as a blessing. But they will not iiail it, 
though it shall appear that the very windows of 
heaven have been opened, and such a blessing 
poured out that there was no room to receive it. 
They will be filled with chagrin, with ill-digest¬ 
ed spleen, with undiminished hostility to the 
emancipation of their own down-trodden country¬ 
men. They will behave precisely as they have 
done in the case of Antigua. They profess to 
be humane, patriotic, Christian men, anxious to 
see the cause of human freedom advancing in 
the earth ; yet how have they welcomed the 
intelligence, that emancipation works well in 
Antigua, and is going on ‘ in the full tide of suc¬ 
cessful experiment ? ’ Positively, in a manner 


27 


that would be disgraceful to barbarians ! They 
have studiously attempted to garble and sup¬ 
press facts, to wink out of sight what an adoring 
universe will ever contemplate with delight, to 
forget what shall be held in everlasting remem¬ 
brance ! I appeal to the world, steeped as it is 
in pollution and iniquity—l appeal to heaven,in 
its immaculate purity and resplendent glory—if 
they were virtuous men, would they not rejoice 
to know that a system of legalized concubinage 
and prostitution has come to an end ? If they 
were patriotic, would they not exult at the peace¬ 
ful overthrow of a worse than Turkish despot¬ 
ism? If they were philanthropic, would they 
not shout aloud in view of misery assuaged, 
broken hearts comforted, wounds and putrifying 
sores healed up, the lame leaping like the roe, 
the blind restored to sight, the deaf made to 
hear, and the dumb to speak? If they were 
lovers of justice, would they not delight in the 
fact, that the lynch code of slavery, as adminis¬ 
tered for ages to an immense multitude of their 
fellow creatures, has been superseded by consti¬ 
tutional law, giving ample protection to the 
meanest of them all? If they were truly pious, 
would they not give glory to God, that where it 
was until recently fettered and gagged, the gos¬ 
pel may now have free course and be glorified? 
that a mighty obstacle to the progress of the Re¬ 
deemer’s kingdom has been removed out of the 
way ? that where the Bible has been a prohibit¬ 
ed book, it may now be freely circulated? that 
where mental and moral improvement has been 
forbidden under severe penalties, all restrictions 
are taken off, and light and knowledge are 
abounding? But they do not rejoice—they do 
not shout aloud, (no, not even whisper!)—they 
do not give glory to God ! How is their hypoc¬ 
risy, their hard-heartedness, their contempt for 


28 


the colored race, made manifest! How are they 
judged in the presence of angels and mankind ! 

They walk by sight, forsooth! Why not 
look then at Antigua ? That is a ‘ sight ’ worth 
looking at! But the light is too strong for their 
weak vision. If there had been ‘ blood and car¬ 
nage ’ in that island, they could have beheld it 
with ‘ philosophical composure ’—it would have 
helped them to an argument, and arguments 
with them are very scarce—it would have serv¬ 
ed to make plausible their scare-crow theory of 
emancipation, now, alack! proved to the satis¬ 
faction of the veriest cowards in Christendom, to 
be nothing but a scare-crow with an air-drawn 
dagger ! They looked—but hearing songs of 
praise instead of the agonies of the dying—see¬ 
ing every man’s hand, instead of turned against 
another, extended in fraternal kindness—behold¬ 
ing the whole face of society renovated, and all 
things presenting an animated aspect—why 
should they look more than once? Are disa¬ 
greeable objects to be contemplated with satis¬ 
faction ? Is the mirror, that clearly reveals one’s 
deformity, a source of pleasure to the beholder? 
No indeed! At least, so think our opponents ! 

I proceed now, with all brevity, to show in 
what manner the boon of freedom was received 
by the slaves of Antigua and Bermuda ; and the 
first witness I shall summon upon the stand is 
Lord Brougham, whose gigantic exertions in 
the cause of emancipation entitle him to the 
gratitude of mankind. In an elegant speech, 
delivered by him in the House of Lords, Feb. 
20th, 1838, on this subject, he testifies as fol¬ 
lows : 

1 The first of August arrived—that day so confident¬ 
ly and joyously anticipated by the poor slaves, and so 
sorely dreaded by their hard task-masters ; and if ever 
there was a picture interesting to look upon—if ever 
there was a passage in the history of a people, redound- 


^9 


ing to their eternal honor—if ever there was a com- 
plete refutation of all the scandalous calumnies which' 
had been heaped upon them for ages, as if in justifica¬ 
tion of the wrongs w r hich we had. done them—that pic¬ 
ture and that passage are to be found in the uniform 
and unvarying history of that people tnroughout the 
whole of the West India Islands. Instead of the fires 
of rebellion, lit by a feeling of lawless revenge and re¬ 
sistance to oppression, the whole of those islands were, 
like an Arabian scene, illuminated by the light of con¬ 
tentment, joy, peace, and good will towards all men. 
No civilized people, after gaining an unexpected victo¬ 
ry, could have shown more delicacy and forbearance 
than was exhibited by the slaves at the great moral 
consummation which they had attained. There was 
not a look or a gesture, which could gall the eyes of 
their masters. Not a sound escaped from negro lips, 
which could wound the ears of the most feverish plan¬ 
ter in the islands. All was joy, mutual congratulation 
and hoped 

So far the testimony of Lord Brougham. 
Thus much for the horrors of immediate eman¬ 
cipation ! Thus much in proof, that slaves are 
contented and happy, and would not be free if 
they could ! O, if there were time, it would be a 
delightful task to give the details of events, as 
they transpired in Antigua, in 1834. But a 
single extract from Thome and Kimball’s Jour- 
nal must suffice: it contains an Alexandrian 
library of pathos and sublimity in a single par¬ 
agraph : 

‘The Wesleyans kept ‘ watch-night’ in all their chap¬ 
els on the night of the 31st July [the evening preceding 
the day of emancipation.] The spacious chapel in St. 
John’sAvas filled with the candidates for liberty. All 
w r as animation and eagerness. A mighty chorus of 
voices swelled the song of expectation and joy, and as 
they united in prayer, the voice of the leader was 
drowned in the universal acclamations of thanksgiving 
and praise, and blessing, and honor, and glory to God, 
who had come down for their deliverance. In such 
exercises, the evening was spent until the hour of 
twelve approached. The missionary then proposed, 


30 


that when the clock on the cathedral should begin to 
strike, the whole congregation should tail upon their 
knees, and receive the boon of freedom in silence ! 
Accordingly, as the loud bell tolled its first note, the 
immense assembly fell prostrate on their knees. All 
was silence, save the quivering, half-stifled breath of 
the struggling spirit. The slow notes of the clock fell 
upon the ears of the multitude ; peel on peel, peel on 
peel, rolled over the prostrate throng, in tones of angels’ 
voices, thrilling among the desolated chords and weary 
heart-strings ! Scarce had the clock sounded its last 
note, when the lightning flashed vividly around, and a 
loud peal of thunder roared along the sky—God’s pillar 
of fire, and trump of jubilee ! A moment of profound- 
est silence passed—then came the burst —they broke 
forth in prayer ; they shouted, they sung, 1 glory,’ ‘ al¬ 
leluia ; ’ they clapped their hands, leaped up, fell down, 
clasped each other in their free arms, cried, laughed, 
and went to and fro, tossing upward their unfettered 
hands ; but, high above the whole, there was a mighty 
sound, which ever and anon swelled up—it was the ut- 
terings. in broken negro dialect, of gratitude to God. 
After this gush of excitement had spent itself, and the 
congregation became calm, the religious exercises were 
resumed, and the remainder of the night was occupied 
in singing and prayer, in reading the Bible, and in ad¬ 
dresses from the missionaries, explaining the nature of 
the freedom just received, and exhorting the freed peo¬ 
ple to be industrious, steady, obedient to the laws, and 
to show themselves in all things worthy of the high 
boon which God had conferred upon them.’ 

Nothing can surpass the sublimity of the scene, 
or add to the power of its description. 

‘ None but itself can be its parallel ’! 

And yet, how natural the conduct, how rev¬ 
erent the spirit, how exquisite the sensibility, 
how overwhelming the gratitude of these con¬ 
temned ones ! I say, hoiv natural their conduct ! 
They had obtained all they wished for—why 
should they think of butchering those who had 
set them free ? The idea is preposterous. Yet 
it is upon record, that several American vessels, 
which had lain for weeks in the harbor of St. 


81 


John’s, weighed anchor on the 31st July, and 
made their escape, through actual fear that the 
island would be destroyed on the following 
day!!’ There is a specimen of republican 
reverence for liberty! That is the way we 
encourage tyranny to give up its victims ! What 
fit subjects for a slaveholding master, the captains 
of those vessels must have been ! 0, the cow¬ 

ardly, recreant unbelievers—the liber. ■. hating, 
consistent members of a confederacy of oppress¬ 
ors ! 

No throats were cut in Antijjua! And an 
equally astonishing fact is, the slaves wanted to 
be free, and don’t want to return to bondage ! 
And, perhaps, what will surprise our opponents 
most of all is,—the Governor of Antigua being 
witness,—‘ the PLANTERS all concede that 
emancipation has been a great blessing to the 
island : he does not know of a single individual 
who wishes to return to the old system.’ ‘ He 
is well acquainted with the country districts of 
England, and has also travelled extensively in 
Europe; yet he has never found such a peace¬ 
able, orderly, and law-abiding people as the 
emancipated slaves of Antigua.’ On being in¬ 
terrogated as to the workings of the new sys¬ 
tem, one of the planters, (Dr. Daniel) said— 

‘ The planters, by giving immediate freedom, had 
secured the attachment of their people : it had 
removed all danger of insurrection, conflagration 
and conspiracies.’ Another planter, (Mr. Hal¬ 
ley) said—‘ Formerly, it was whip—whip — whip 
—incessantly, but now we are relieved from this 
disagreeable task.’ Another, (Hon. Samuel O. 
Baijer) said—‘ I can cultivate my estate at least 
one third cheaper by free labor than by slave la¬ 
bor.’ Another, (Hon. N. Nugent) said—‘ there 
is not the slightest feeling of insecurity—quite 
the contrary. Property is more secure, for all 


idea of insurrection is abolished forever. My 
family go to sleep every night with the doors 
unlocked, and we fear neither violence nor rob¬ 
bery.’ Another said—‘ Now, the security of 
property was so much greater in Antigua than 
it was in England, he thought it doubtful wheth¬ 
er he should ever venture to take his family thi¬ 
ther, as he had long contemplated doing.’ An¬ 
other, (H. Armstrong, Esq.) said—‘There is no 
possible danger of personal violence from the 
emancipated slaves. Should a foreign power in¬ 
vade our island, 1 have no doubt, that the ne¬ 
groes would, to a man, fight for the planters.’ 
Another, (Dr. Fergurson) said—* The credit of 
the island has decidedly improved. Its internal 
prosperity is advancing in an increased ratio. 
More buildings have been erected since emanci¬ 
pation, than for twenty years before.’ An estate 
which, previous to emancipation, could not be 
sold for £600 current, lately brought £2000. 

‘ All persons, of all professions, testify to the 
fact, that marriages are rapidly increasing. In 
truth, there was scarcely such a thing as mar¬ 
riage before the abolition of slavery. The whole 
number of marriages, during ten years previous 
to emancipation, was but half as great as the 
number for a single year following emancipation!’ 
The effect wrought upon prejudice is very re¬ 
markable. Before emancipation, the spirit of 
caste was strong and rampant. How is it now? 

‘ All distinctions,’ says the Governor of Antigua, 
‘founded in color, must be abolished every where. 
AVe should learn to talk of men, not as colored 
men, but as men, as fellow citizens and fellow 
subjects.’ His secretary is a colored gentleman. 
The language of one of the Wesleyan missiona¬ 
ries to Messrs. Thome and Kimball* was, ‘Tell 


* This young philanthropist has been cut down in 
the midst of his growing usefulness ; having 1 answer* 



33 


the American brethren, that, much as we desire 
to visit the United States, we cannot go, so long 
as we are prohibited from speaking against 
slavery, or while that abominable 'prejudice is 
encouraged in the churches. We could not ad¬ 
minister the sacrament to a church, in which 
the distinction of colors was maintained.’ The 
revolution of opinion in the midst of the plant¬ 
ers, respecting slavery and the abolitionists, is 
worthy of especial observation. Says the Hon. 
N. Nugent, ‘ The anti-slavery party in England 
were detested here for their fanatical and reck¬ 
less course. Such was the state of feeling pre¬ 
vious to emancipation, that it would have been 
certain disgrace for any planter to have avowed 
the least sympathy with anti-slavery sentiments. 
The humane might have their hopes and aspi¬ 
rations, and they might secretly long to see 
slavery ultimately terminated ; but they did not 
dare to make such feelings public. They would 
at once have been branded as the enemies of 
their country ! ’ Says another planter, (James 
Scotland, sen.) ‘ The opinions of the clergymen 
and missionaries, with the exception of, I be¬ 
lieve, a few clergymen, were favorable to eman¬ 
cipation; but neither in their conduct, preach¬ 
ing or prayers, did they declare themselves 
openly, until the measure of abolition was de¬ 
termined on. Whoever was known, or suspect¬ 
ed of being an advocate for freedom, became the 
object of vengeance, and was sure to suffer, ifin 
no other way, by a loss of part of his business.’ 


ed life’s great end,’ and therefore lived long, though 
his years were few. The grave has received his mor¬ 
tal body, but his spirit soared joyfully to heaven on the 
strong wings of faith, where we believe he is rejoicing 
with us, with peculiar ecstasy, in unison with angels, 
and 1 the spirits of the just made perfect,’ on this great 
day of jubilee. 


3 




34 


Now how changed is the scene ! ‘ Anti-slavery 

is the popular doctrine among all classes. He 
is considered an enemy to his county, who op¬ 
poses the principles of liberty. The planters 
look with astonishment at the continuance of 
slavery in the United States, and express their 
strong belief that it must soon terminate here 
and throughout the world. They hailed the ar¬ 
rival of the French and American visitors on 
tours of inquiry as a bright omen. Distinguish¬ 
ed abolitionists are spoken of in terms of respect 
and admiration. An agent of the English Anti- 
Slavery Society now resides in St. John’s, and 
keeps a book-store, well stocked with anti-slave¬ 
ry books and pamphlets. The bust of George 
Thompson stands conspicuously upon the coun¬ 
ter, looking forth upon the public street.’- At a 
public meeting attended by the agents of the 
American Anti-Slavery Society, a resolution ap¬ 
proving of their mission was adopted by rising. 
‘ Not an individual in the crowded congregation 
kept his seat. The masters and the slaves of 
yesterday, all rose together—a phalanx of free¬ 
men—to testify ‘ their sincere sympathy ’ in the 
efforts and objects of American abolitionists ! ’ 
At a dinner party in Barbadoes, the planters 
complimented Messrs. Thome and Kimball, by 
giving their health, and wishing 4 success to 
their most laudable undertaking.’ Though the 
contrary was pretended before the abolition of 
slavery, (as it is now in our own country, in or¬ 
der to stop ‘agitation,’) the planters now ingen¬ 
uously confess, that there was far less cruelty 
exercised by them during the anti-slavery ex¬ 
citement in England. ‘ They were always on 
their guard to escape the notice of the abolition¬ 
ists. They did not wish to have their names 
published abroad, and to be exposed as monsters 


35 


of cruelty.’! There are many other equally in¬ 
structive facts. ‘ Before emancipation, martial 
law invariably prevailed on the holidays; but 
the very first Christmas after emancipation, the 
Governor made a proclamation, stating that, in 
consequence of the abolition of slavery, it was 
no longer necessary to resort to such a precau¬ 
tion.’ In fact, ‘ the main constabulary force is 
now composed of emancipated negroes, living 
on the estates.’ So, there can be no more slave 
insurrections in Antigua, though it is not impos¬ 
sible that there may now and then be a mob of 
‘ gentlemen of property and standing.’ No more 
is heard about Paul sending Onesimus back to 
his master—the passage ceases to be translated, 
1 Slaves , obey your masters’—not an allusion is 
made to the example of the patriarchs—the Le- 
vitical code has suddenly become obsolete in the 
light of the British Constitution and the gospel 
of Christ! As to the willingness of the eman- 
cipated slaves to work, there is abundant testi¬ 
mony. We have a proverb among ourselves, 
that one can tell whether a mechanic is to work 
by the day or the job, by listening to the sound 
of his hammer. If by the day, the tune is ‘ Lar¬ 
go »,’ thus: ‘ By-the-day ! by-the- 

day ! ’ If by the job, it is ‘ Prestissimo ’—‘ By 
the job, job, job ! by the job, job, job ! ’ That is 
human nature—that is the instinct of self inter¬ 
est, which is indeed ‘ a great matter ’ to white 
and black alike. It is just so in Antigua. The 

laborers work very industriously by —the- 

day, though they receive but eleven cents as 
compensation ; but they work still better by the 
job. One planter testifies—' When they had 
jobs given them, they would sometimes go to 
work by three o’clock in the morning, and work 


| Testimony of David Cranstoun, Esq., a planter. 








36 


by moonlight. When the moon was not shin¬ 
ing, he has known them to kindle fires among 
the trash or dry cane leaves, to work by. They 
would then continue all day working until four 
o’clock, stopping only for breakfast, and dispens¬ 
ing: with the usual intermission from twelve to 
Uvo.’ So much for the laziness of the negroes, 
which nothing but a cart-whip can stimulate ! 
When we consider how small is the pittance 
which they receive, it is amazing to learn ‘ how 
that the abundance of their joy and their deep 
poverty , abound unto the riches of their liberal¬ 
ity.’ For, besides supporting their families, 
they are contributing to Sunday schools, mis¬ 
sionary objects, the support of religious worship, 
the distribution of the Bible, and to a multitude 
of benevolent and moral associations, to the 
amount of thousands of dollars annually ! Injur¬ 
ed, calumniated, wonderful people! Lord 
Brougham, as a proof of their extraordinary in¬ 
dustry, asserts that ‘ during the year which fol¬ 
lowed the first of August, 1834, twice as much 
sugar per hour, and of a better quality, as com¬ 
pared with the preceding years, was stored 
throughout the sugar districts; and that one 
man, a large planter, has expressly avowed, that 
with twenty freemen, he could do more work 
than with a hundred slaves, or fifty indentured 
apprentices. Now, I maintain,’ continues Lord 
Brougham, ‘ that had we known what we now 
know of the character of the negroes, neither 
would the compensation (of <£20,000,000 ster¬ 
ling) have been given to the slave-owners, nor* 
we have been guilty of proposing to keep the 
negro in slavery five years, after we were de¬ 
cided that he had a right to his freedom. The 
money had, in fact, lien paid to them by mis¬ 
take ; and, were the transaction one between 
man and man,an action for its recovery might lie/ 


37 


Such are some of the glorious ‘ consequences ’ 
which have attended the immediate overthrow 
of slavery in Antigua—such they will be in 
Jamaica and the other islands, and in the south¬ 
ern States of America,whenever a similar event 
takes place. Think you, there is one person in 
Great Britain, male or female, rich or poor, who 
has signed one memorial, or offered up one 
prayer, or made one effort, or contributed one 
mite, for the extinction of the West India slave 
system, that regrets the deed ? 0 no ! They re¬ 

cur to it with pleasing satisfaction, lamenting 
only that they had not been more fervent in 
spirit, more liberal in giving, and more zealous 
in hastening so blissful a consummation ! 

Some people are quite astounded at the pros¬ 
perous state of things in Antigua. They seem 
to regard it as almost miraculous. It is no 
miracle at all! It is no more surprising than 
the autumnal harvest obtained from the sowing 
of seed in spring time. It is the natural result 
of well-doing, unattended by aught that is mys¬ 
terious or incredible. Remembering what man 
is—in whose imajre he is created—what are the 

o 

motives by which he is made to be controlled— 
under what government the Almighty has 
placed him, a free, moral, accountable agent— 
what promises that glorious being holds forth to 
those who let the oppressed go free—I am sur¬ 
prised at nothing which has transpired in any 
of the West India islands. My surprise would 
have been unfeigned, my disappointment great, 
had there been a different result. As a believ¬ 
er in Divine Revelation—as a worshipper at the 
shrine of Christianity—is it for me to be aston¬ 
ished when God exactly fulfils his word ? No. 
When he fails in a single instance, to maintain 
his veracity, then may I well distrust him for 
.ever ? 


38 


What has God wrought? God, I say—not 
man—not any body of men—but GOD ! 

‘ Him first, him last, him middle—without end \ 1 

The means,the principles,the measures,the weap¬ 
ons,by which this mighty victory has been achiev¬ 
ed, are all of Him. To Him, therefore, be ascrib¬ 
ed all the honor, renown, praise and glory—ex¬ 
clusively, universally,eternally! Yea,‘let all the 
earth fear the Lord ; let all the inhabitants of the 
world stand in awe of him : for he spake, and it 
was done ; he commanded,and it stood fast.’ But, 
while ‘ no flesh shall glory ’ in this mutter, we are 
permitted,and it is our duty,to remember with ad¬ 
miration and gratitude the instruments which 
God has used to effect his great design. This day r 
then—as philanthropists, lovers of our race, co¬ 
workers in the cause of human liberty—let us 
unite in proffering our heartfelt acknowledge¬ 
ments to the faithful and fearless, the inde¬ 
fatigable and uncompromising, the generous and 
victorious friends of negro emancipation across 
the Atlantic—the noble men and women of 
Great Britain—by whom, under God, the cause 
has been carried through to a triumphant ter¬ 
mination. Animated by their example, and 
taking fresh encouragement from their success, 
let us redouble our exertions to deliver our own 
oppressed countrymen from the yeke of slavery. 
Richly are they entitled to the gratitude and 
applause of mankind. I have called them no¬ 
ble men and noble women —for, had it not been 
for the superior devotedness, activity and per- 
severence of the WOMEN of England, Scot¬ 
land and Ireland, rekindling the expiring torch 
of philanthropy, from time to time, and stimu¬ 
lating anew the flagging zeal of religion, it is 
historically certain that the vast multitude, who 
are this day rejoicing in freedom, throughout 


39 


the British West India islands, would now be 
pining in slavery, without any prospect of a 
speedy, or peaceful deliverance. Let it never 
be forgotten in the history of human liberty, 
that the doctrine which has annihilated the 
slave system in the West Indies, and will sub¬ 
vert it in America—the only doctrine that has 
power to stop the slave-trade, to extirpate slavery 
universally without the shedding of blood, to 
rescue and redeem benighted, suffering Africa— 
the doctrine of IMMEDIATE EMANCIPA¬ 
TION —was first promulgated in Great Bri¬ 
tain by a woman— ELIZABETH HEYRICK. 
Her memory shall be cherished by unborn ages 
and shall diffuse, 

‘ Through the dark depths of Time, a vivid flame.’ 

To recite the long catalogue of the names of 
those—both men and women—who have been 
instrumental in achieving this great work of 
mercy, would require a large amount of time. 
How impossible is it, then, to do justice to their 
merits on this occasion ! How many of them 
have been pre-eminent as leaders and standard- 
bearers in the holy cause ! There are others 
who have been less conspicuous, but not less 
devoted and zealous—wholly unknown to fame, 
but not less valuable as co-workers,—who, 
though they may never receive the plaudits of 
mankind, or be identified personally in history, 
are nevertheless equally precious in the sight of 
God, and shall not fail to receive a just reward. 
It was not for any one of them to say to another, 
‘ Thou art too insignificant to be of any conse¬ 
quence—I have no need of thee.’ Far from it! 
It required ALL OF THEM, combined in a 
solid phalanx, to overcome the giant foe of God 
and man ; hence, each one shares inthe victory. 
Some of them fell in the hottest of the conflict, 


40 


‘having received a good report through faith '— 
joyfully anticipating, though not beholding as 
ive do, the fulfilment of the promise. The late 
arrivals from England bring intelligence of the 
death of an aged veteran in the cause—the 
ong-tried, respected, spotless ZACHARY MA¬ 
CAULAY, the early associate of Wilberforce 
and Clarkson, and not a whit behind either of 
them in ceaseless vigilance, unquenchable zeal, 
or laborious effort. No man has done so much 
with his pen, to expose the cruelties and hor¬ 
rors of West India slavery. For many years, 
he conducted the ‘ Anti-Slavery Reporter’ 
with such consummate ability, such rare candor, 
such statistical accuracy and official veracity, 
that it was quoted as high authority in Parlia¬ 
ment, by those who opposed as well as those 
who advocated the abolition of colonial servi¬ 
tude. When I visited London, it was my priv¬ 
ilege to enjoy his society, and to receive from 
him the right hand of fellowship. He welcom¬ 
ed me to his table, gave me all the weight of 
his powerful influence, knelt down by my side 
in prayer, and invoked the blessing of God up¬ 
on my head—upon the consecrated band of 
American abolitionists, who were struggling for 
the rescue of perishing millions against the 
prejudices and passions of a powerful nation. 
For a time, he was duped into the belief, that 
the American Colonization Society was a be¬ 
neficent institution; but almost immediately saw 
it in its true character—a rotten, hypocritical, 
anti-christian combination—the ally of slavery, 
and the enemy of the colored race—Satan trans¬ 
formed into an angel of light. His name is en- 
rolled upon the celebrated ‘ Protest ’ against 
that Society, (as ‘ an obstruction to the progress 
of liberty THROUGHOUT THE WORLD,’) 
which was signed by some of the most distin- 


41 


guished philanthropists in England, the name 
of WILBERFORCE standing first on the list 
—and which fell like a thunderbolt upon it. 
He has gone, having toiled more than half a 
century in the cause of bleeding Africa—just 
as the consummation of his prayers and wishes 
—just as the shouts of the liberated bondmen 
were bursting upon his ear ! Venerable man ! 
thou wast a good and faithful servant, and hast 
entered into the joy of thy Lord ! 

‘ Gone to thy heavenly Father’s rest— 

The flowers of Eden round thee blowing ! 

And on thine ear, the murmurs blest 
Of Shiloah’s waters softly flowing! 

Finished thy work, and kept thy faith 
In Christian firmness unto death ; 

And beautiful, as sky and earth, 

When Autumn’s sun is downward going, 

The blessed memory of thy worth 

Around thy place of slumber glowing ! ’ 

But time would fail me to tell of the labors 
of Buxton, of Cropper, of Stephen, of Suffield, 
of O’Connell, of Wardlaw, of Stuart, and of 
STURGE—the last by no means the least, but 
unsurpassed in his munificence, in his spirit of 
investigation, in his abhorrence of cruelty, and 
in his efforts for the complete extinction of West 
India slavery—yet living in the freshness of 
manhood, one of the world’s loveliest ornaments, 
and most useful of mankind. There is another 
name which it would be unpardonable in me 
not to single out in this connexion, with high 
commendation—a name dear to millions in Eu¬ 
rope and America—a name more durable than 
marble, more precious than the gold of Ophir, 
more illustrious than that of princes. I allude 
to GEORGE THOMPSON—the most labori¬ 
ous, and gifted,and successful advocate of Afri¬ 
can emancipation, it has pleased the Almighty 


42 


to raise up, since the days of Granville Sharpe. 
Grasping the doctrine which Elizabeth Hey- 
rick only lived to enunciate and defend in a 
single pamphlet—the sharp, two-edged, omnip¬ 
otent doctrine of immediate emancipation—he 
stood forth the champion of inalienable human 
rights, in behalf of the slave population, against 
hoary-headed expediency, time-honored gradu¬ 
alism, and ancient selfishness. His appeals 
electrified the people. Wherever he went, 
Humanity smiled, Truth bore the palm of vic¬ 
tory, and Liberty covered his brow with laurels. 
It was mainly owing to the astonishing impulse 
that he gave to public sentiment,—to ‘ his pow¬ 
ers of analysis, powers of argument, powers of 
wit, powers of persuasion, powers of eloquence,’ 
—that, in 1833, a majority of the House of 
Commons was returned by the people, pledged 
to vote for the immediate abolition of colonial 
slavery. I was in England at that time, on a 
mission from the abolitionists of New England. 
It was a solemn and eventful crisis! There 
stood a pledged House—the petitions for the 
instant abrogation of the slave code poured into 
Parliament, a wide-spread, resistless inundation! 
Thundering at the doors of that body stood 
THE PEOPLE, of all parties in politics, and 
sects in religion, of all ranks and conditions, 
demanding justice to the enslaved, freedom to 
all dwelling under the British flag, in whatever 
quarter of the globe. Every thing looked pro¬ 
pitious. The slaveholding faction seemed to 
have given up in despair. It was only to have 
reached out the hand, ‘ in full assurance of 
faith,’ and the prize had been won. Just at 
that moment—0, lamentable defection !—the 
leading abolitionists, the veterans in age and 
experience, were seized with an unaccountable 
tremor—they faltered—they abandoned the 


43 


ground of principle for that of expediency, 
through mistaken views of duty. The British 
ministry—ever on the side of the planters—saw 
their irresolution, and wofully took advantage 
of it. A shameful compromise was made, by 
which one hundred millions of dollars were 
wrung out of the tax-burdened people of Eng¬ 
land, and paid to the planters, and an appren¬ 
ticeship of seven years (slavery with another 
name) was fastened upon the toil-worn laborers 
of the colonial plantations. Thus, in one mo¬ 
ment, was the cup of liberty dashed from 
S00,000 fevered lips to the ground. A Spartan 
band of abolitionists—chiefly of the younger 
class—were indomitable in their opposition to 
this compromise. Among them was George 
Thompson. I thank God that I also protested 
against it, in the name of my enslaved country¬ 
men. But the bargain was made, and the ex¬ 
periment went into operation. In the mean 
time, at the earnest solicitation of the friends of 
emancipation in this country, Mr. Thompson 
came over to these shores, to advocate those 
inalienable rights which Americans in theory 
concede to all mankind. Of what he did and 
what he suffered here, all are aware. His la¬ 
bors were abundant and invaluable—his con¬ 
stancy and intrepidity remarkable. His treat¬ 
ment at the hands of the people is a dark chap¬ 
ter in the history of the United States. He 
was reviled, calumniated, hunted for his life, 
till, in the judgment of us all, it was no longer 
safe for him to remain among us. The guiding 
hand of Providence led him back to his native 
land, to accomplish a work that was indispen¬ 
sable. The West India planters, by their con¬ 
duct, had forfeited their contract with the gov¬ 
ernment, and the apprenticeship was proved to 
be, in some of its aspects, worse than slavery. 


44 


Another campaign, therefore, was to be com¬ 
menced for the immediate repeal of this im¬ 
practicable and cruel experiment. Anti-slavery 
agitation had been laid to sleep—almost hopeless 
was the prospect of success! Yet, nothing 
daunted, George Thompson gave himself to 
the work with almost superhuman ability, zeal 
and strength. No other man in England, (and 
if not in England, no other man in the world,) 
could have made such an impression, or accom¬ 
plished so much in the same space of time. 
Once more, at his trumpet-call, the people of 
Great Britain came to the rescue, and lo ! the 
day of jubilee is come! God grant that this 
beloved brother may speedily renew his visit to 
our land, to receive blessing for cursing, honor 
for reproach, and applause for condemnation! 

1 Where mammon hath its altars 
Wet o'er with human blood, 

And pride and lust debases 

The workmanship of God, * 

There shall his praise be spoken, 

Redeemed from falsehood’s ban, 

When the fetters shall be broken. 

And the slave shall be a MAN ! ’ 

A word to you, my colored friends and asso¬ 
ciates, and I have done. Your emotions, this 
day, are unutterable. Many of you have known 
the woes and the horrors of slavery by experi¬ 
ence. Many of you bear the marks of the whip 
and the branding-iron upon your bodies, and 
have worn the yoke and the chain. None can 
sympathize so deeply with those who yet re¬ 
main in bondage, or rejoice so fervently with 
those who are set free, as yourselves. The 
fact, that you are now observing this jubilee— 
that this meeting is under your direction—is 
another decisive proof, that you regard liberty 
as a jewel above all price, and a state of slavery 


45 


the worst of all conditions. What cause have 
we all for thanksgiving and praise to Almighty 
God ! How may the southern slaves dance in 
their fetters, for the time for their redemption 
draws nigh ! In the Journal of Thome and 
Kimball, there is an anecdote related of an 
aged colored saint in Antigua, called Grand¬ 
father Jacob. When told that there were 
slaves in America, and that they were not yet 
emancipated, he exclaimed, ‘ Ah, de Saviour 
make me free, and he will make dem free too. 
He come to Anti go first — he'll be in ’Mekica 
soon.’ That is ‘ the spirit of prophecy.’ ‘He 
that hath ears to hear, let him hear what the 
Spirit saith.’ HE WILL BE IN AMERICA 
SOON ! Amen ! Be warned, 0 ye oppress¬ 
ors, and repent! Come, O Father of mercies, 
and break the rod of oppression! Come, O 
Holy Spirit, and melt the heart of the master, 
and the fetters of his slaves! Come, Lord Je¬ 
sus, come quickly, and bind up the broken¬ 
hearted, and set the captive free! 

Brethren, the slaveholders of the South have 
done us all cruel injustice—those who plead 
your cause, as well as yourselves. They have 
impeached our motives, libelled our characters, 
and threatened our lives. No indignity is too 
great for them to heap upon us—no outrage 
too shocking to be perpetrated upon our persons 
and property. And now, we will have our re - 
venge. God helping us, we will still continue 
to use all lawful and Christian means for the 
overthrow of their suicidal slave system; so 
that when it falls,—as fall it must,—we will 
repay them with all the rich blessings that 
abound in Antigua. We will remove from 
them all source of alarm, and the cause of all 
insurrection—increase the value of their estates 
tenfold—give an Eden-like fertility to their 


46 


perishing soil—build up the old waste places, 
and repair all breaches—make their laborers 
contented, grateful and happy—wake up the 
entombed genius of invention, and the dormant 
spirit of enterprise—open to them new sources 
of affluence—multiply their branches of indus¬ 
try—erect manufactories, build rail-roads, dig 
canals—establish schools, academies, colleges, 
and all beneficent institutions—extend their 
commerce to the ends of the earth, and to an 
unimagined amount—turn the tide of western 
adventure and of northern capital into the south¬ 
ern channels—unite the North and the South 
by indissoluble ties—change the entire moral 
aspect of society—cause pure and undefiled 
religion to flourish—avert impending judgments 
—secure heavenly blessings—and fill the whole 
land with abundant peace, ever-increasing pros¬ 
perity, and all-attainable happiness. Thus, 
AND THUS ONLY, will we be revenged 
upon them, for all the wrongs and outrages 
they have heaped upon us, personally and col¬ 
lectively,—for all the evil they are now doing, 
or may hereafter do to us—past, present, and 
to come! 


1 Speed, speed the hour, 0 Lord ! 
Speak ! and at thy dread word 
Fetters shall fall 
From every limb, the strong 
No more the weak shall wrong, 
But LIBERTY’S sweet song 
Be sung by all! ’ 


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